Enduring and emergent technologies of industry 4.0

 Industry 4.0 – Space Based Solar Power Generation   Description Space Solar Power collects energy from sunlight in space. That energy transmits wirelessly to Earth. Our energy and greenhouse gas emissions problems can be solved by using space solar power. Space solar power may deliver big quantities of energy to every person on Earth with a precise tiny environmental impact. The solar energy presented in space is exactly billions of times larger than we use today. The lifetime of space solar power a truly long-standing energy solution. It is an assessed 4-5 billion years. Space solar power is definitely the biggest potential energy source available as the Earth obtains only one part in 2.3 billion of the Sun’s output. There is an additional need for Space solar power is to retreat from fossil fuels for our conveyance system. Space solar power may offer the desirable clean power for any upcoming electric transport system. Space solar power has a number of substantial leads over

Building,Flashing and Debugging Embedded Rust Program Building Program Cargo provides 4 different targets that cover the different processor families within that architecture. thumbv6m-none-eabi , for the Cortex-M0 and Cortex-M1 processors thumbv7m-none-eabi , for the Cortex-M3 processor thumbv7em-none-eabi , for the Cortex-M4 and Cortex-M7 processors thumbv7em-none-eabihf , for the Cortex-M4F and Cortex-M7F processors The one we are interested in is last one (i.e. thumbv7em-none-eabihf) because F3 has Cortex-M4F processor in it.    Before cross compiling we have to download pre-compiled version of the standard library. For that we have to run: $ rustup target add thumbv7em-none-eabihf We have to download it once after that it will be updated automatically whenever we update rust tool chain.   All set, we can now compile our program for whatever target we are compiling, using following command: $ cargo build --target thumbv7em-none-eabihf Flashing Program Flashing => Moving prog

What is Drone Technology? Introduction The drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This is an airplane deprived of a human pilot on board. It comprises a UAV having a ground-based controller. Also, it has included a system of communications between the two. The flight of UAVs may run under remote control by a human operator. It can operate separately by onboard computers mentioned as an autopilot. Uses Drones created typically in military applications. Their use is quickly finding many more applications such as aerial photography, agriculture, policing product deliveries, and surveillance, science, infrastructure inspections, smuggling, and drone racing. Now, Drones are used in a wide range of neutral roles. Following are the major applications of drones in civilian sectors. Search and rescue Surveillance Traffic monitoring Weather monitoring and firefighting To individual drones and business drone-based photography in addition to videography, Agriculture and even distr

 What's the serial communication in Rust? Description It's a communication mechanism that takes place using the asynchronous protocol. Two devices exchange data serially in this communication 1 bit at a time These 2 devices exchange data using 2 shared data lines and 1 common ground. The protocol is asynchronous because none of the shared lines carries a clock. But both (transmitter and receiver) have to agree prior to the communication that how fast data will be sent/received. This protocol allows duplex communication which means both can send data simultaneously. Why we need this protocol? What's the use-case? We are using this protocol to exchange data between MCU and host computers for example our laptops. Unlike ITM protocol, this protocol lets us send data from laptop to MCU Now a question arises. How fast we may send data using this protocol? This protocol works with frames Each frame has 1 start bit, 1-2 stop bits, and 5-9 data bits Speed of protocol is known as

 What Are Clocks & Timers In Rust? What is a Clock? Computers usage the inner clock to synchronize all of their calculations. The clock confirms that the many circuits inside a computer work together at the same time. The clock, in general, states to a microchip. That microchip controls the timing and speed of all computer functions. In the chip is a crystal. That chip vibrates at an exact frequency when electricity is applied. The direct time any computer is accomplished of acting is one clock. It may be called one vibration of the clock chip. Clock speed is dignified by how many ticks per second the clock makes. The unit of a dimension called a hertz (Hz). The speed of a computer processor is measured in clock speed, for instance, 1 MHz is one million cycles, or vibrations, a second. Similarly, 2 GHz is two billion cycles, or vibrations, a second. For loop isn’t good for creating delays inline(never)] fn delay(tim6: &tim6::RegisterBlock, ms: u16) { for _ in 0..1_000

 Microcontroller in Depth What Is a Microcontroller? MCU in simplest means are Integrated Circuit (IC) MCU is a system on chip (SOC); a chip consists of several components. We’ll discuss these components MCUs are designed for embedded applications Microcontroller Components Basically, a microcontroller comprises one or more following components: The central processing unit (CPU) Random Access Memory)(RAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM) Input/output ports Timers and Counters Interrupt Controls Analog to digital converters Digital analog converters Serial interfacing ports Oscillatory circuits A microcontroller inside contains all structures essential for a computing system and functions as a computer without adding any outside digital parts in it. The maximum of the pins in the microcontroller chip may be made programmable by the user. A microcontroller has numerous bit handling commands that can be simply understood by the programmer. This is also accomplished to control Boolean func

 What Are Rust Raw Pointers and static variables? Raw Pointers Unsafe Rust has two new kinds called raw pointers, which are similar to references. They may be immutable or mutable and can be written as: *const T (Immutable) *mut T (Mutable) Note: Asterisk "*" is not a dereferencing operator, its part of type name. Let’s know how to make an immutable and mutable raw pointer from reference. let mut = 5; let r1 = &num as *const i32; let r2 = &mut num as *i32; Is something wrong! We didn’t include an unsafe keyword here? Well, it’s okay to create raw pointers outside unsafe but it’s must to include while dereferencing them. Now, let’s generate a raw pointer whose validity can’t be sure. fn main ( ) { let address = 0x012345usize; let r = address * const i32; } The overhead method to access memory is not optional; however, we might see or write this kind of code. How raw pointers different from references? Remain permissible to ignore the borro

 What Are Registers in embedded Rust?  Registers are type of computer memory. They are reside near to CPU and used immediately by CPU. Can hold data (bits of sequence), storage address (pointers) or instructions. Registers holding the memory location are used to calculate the address of the next instruction. In terms of MCU’s registers are special memory regions These special regions map to or control some peripherals And we already know we have many of them in our board These peripherals are electronic components built in the MCU to provide its processor the ability to interact with IO devices. We will be following code from this repository  https://github.com/PIAIC-IOT/Quarter2-Online.git We are using raw pointer here for demonstration purpose. It’s not recommended to use in normal programs btw except in genuine case Address (i.e. 0x48001018) points to a register This register controls GPIO pins. GPIO is a peripheral Also using GPIO we can drive the mapped pins to low or high Lig

 Kuka Omni Move Flexible Platforms Description KUKA omniMove is the transport platform for heavy loads and flexible Platforms for Industrial Manufacturing Plants. With ultra-precision and in the tightest of spaces we can move it with great ease into the right position. It also deals outstanding mobility, easily operated by remote control. Independent and extremely flexible The KUKA omniMove mobile heavy-duty platform may move XXL loads with comfort. They might be controlled manually or move separately. They navigate safely, moving almost self-sufficiently despite its enormous size and payload capacity. We can also optionally expand it with a self-contained energy supply. Especially developed wheels allow the mobile heavy-duty platform to move in any direction. It can move even from a standing start. The refined navigation system KUKA Navigation Solution safeguards autonomous direction without danger of a collision and without needful artificial floor markings. This can b

 Industry 4.0 – Google Optic Fiber Cable Introduction Globally there are 378 undersea optic fiber cables connecting various continents. In 2019 Google has installed its dedicated cable from the USA to Europe which is the highest capacity cable in the world. Description The cable has 24 strands & is n amed "Dunant" ~ it is named after the founder of the Red Cross - Henry Dunant. The cable length is 6,000 km. It's a private Google cable & is a part of Google’s network carrying internal data & synchronizing Gmail, YouTube, cloud data & other services in real-time between all Google data centers in the USA & Europe . We can download 250 terabits per second speed 1 terabyte HDD data in 30 milliseconds. Google has planned to lay more than 3,000 miles of the transatlantic undersea cable by 2022. The tech gigantic has declared its new Grace Hopper undersea cable project. The Grace Hopper cable would connect New York to Bude in the UK and Bilba